• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    SUMMARY The invention relates to a de-icing device for depositing snO and ice Than railway shafts. Device comprises air treatment means with pressurizing means (45) and conduit means (5, 6,) directing the pressurized air to selected stables of the gear unit. According to the invention, the air treatment means also comprises drying means (42) for drying the air. The invention also relates to a method for removing snow and ice from railway shafts, by blowing out air towards their selected stables. According to the invented method, the air which is biased out is dried.
    公开号:SE1350235A1
    申请号:SE1350235
    申请日:2013-02-28
    公开日:2014-08-29
    发明作者:Roland Bång
    申请人:Infranord Ab；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates from a first aspect to a de-icing device for removing sno and ice Than railway shafts, which device comprises air treatment means with the pressurized air vent means and the pressure relief means.
    The invention relates from a second aspect to a method for removing snow and ice from railway shafts, in which air is biased towards selected stables at the shift.
    Background of the Invention It is a general problem that operational disturbances occur in winter at spare shafts in railway tracks due to the accumulation of snow and ice in them. It should be understood from above all in those countries where the sun has a winter cold where the tin temperature is often on the minus side.
    The problems arise due to the accumulation of ice and snow at sensitive paths in the gear unit, such as between the tongue, rudder and stay pits, in movable crossing sections and on the sliding plates. It is partly a question of snow that accumulates directly from the precipitation. In addition, ice and snow lumps often form on components on the roof carriages' bases, such as boogies, etc. When the carriages pass a gear, this causes vibrations so that these lumps come loose and fall down at the gear.
    Operational disruptions caused by clogs being blocked by snow and ice cause major inconveniences with consequent significant costs. It is therefore very important to eliminate or at least reduce this problem. Many attempts have been made in this regard, but a satisfactory solution has not yet been achieved.
    Manual clearing is of course possible, but impractical in remote places and also involved a danger. Another applied method is to keep away snow and ice with electric gear heaters mounted along the tongue and rudder and in stay pits. However, the control possibilities are unsatisfactory and the heating time is long, which means that the heat often has to be on continuously 2 regardless of need. However, this consumes very large amounts of energy and the cost is thus unacceptably high. Furthermore, clogging occurs, e.g. trafiber hatches on the outside of the studs and tarpaulins on the tongues towards the sperm center as well as snow frames / snow fences and brushes. Many of these solutions are impractical and often eliminate only some of the causes of snO and icing problems.
    It is further -broken edge to blow air to keep the gears free Than sno and ice. A representative example of the air blowing technique for keeping gears clean from snow and ice is described in US 3,697,746. It describes how a unit arranged next to the gear generates hot compressed air to be used for the clean blowing. The air is led through a transverse line under one of the rails into longitudinal distribution lines between the rails. From the distribution lines, transverse channels lead out to the stables at the rales that need to be blown clean.
    Further examples of this technique are described in US 2,898,062, US 3,697,746, US 4,081,161, U54,674,718, 4,695,017, US 6,065,721, US 2008/0084058, SE 388 886, SE 459 867, CN 1 035 149, CN 1 624 246 and ON 2 730 936.
    A responsibility with the known devices, however, is that when the relatively warm air is cooled in contact with the parts of the gear, condensation forms from the air which freezes and armed Ulf & ice to the area in the gear where the air is biased. The purge from sno can therefore in any case become counterproductive through the ice formed from the air which is cooled on contact with the spares and associated components in the gear unit.
    The present invention, which is thus based on the air-blowing technique, has the object of improving such devices of this kind and overcoming the problem of icing than condensation from the exhaust air.
    By de-icing is meant in this application the removal of saliva as ice as well as also the prevention of snow and ice accumulating.
    By longitudinal and transverse is meant in this application direction substantially parallel to the rails and transverse to these, respectively.
    Description of the invention.
    The raised breathing needle is according to the first aspect of the invention in that a device of the kind initially stated comprises the special features which are stated in the cantilevered part of claim 1. The air treatment means thus comprises drying means for drying the air. 3 During drying, the humidity of the supplied air was reduced. When the air reaches the de-icing stalls and cools there, the lower humidity of the air means that no condensation or at least greatly reduced condensation is formed. No or little ice is thus supplied to the treated stables. Thanks to this, it will be possible to use the air blowing technology for an efficient and rational deicing of the gears. The drying eliminates or at least eliminates the problem of condensation water running down and freezing under the sleepers. Such freezes otherwise cause poor saving layers and strong voltages in the gear, which causes the rearrangement device to carve.
    Tests have shown that an effective deicing with the invented device can be carried out in a very short time.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the invented deicing device, the air treatment means also comprises heating means for heating the air.
    De-icing takes place more efficiently with a combination of heating and blowing. A certain warning is generated in the air during the pressurization due to the frictional heat generated in the pressurizing means, for example a flake. In many cases, the frictional heat supplied to the air is sufficient for the heat together with the blowing to satisfactorily remove snow and ice. By also actively heating the air, efficiency is increased. The warmer the air, the larger the condensation unit. The invention is therefore particularly important in applications where the air is also actively heated.
    According to a further preferred embodiment, the conduit means comprises the air handling means connected to the air handling means, the distribution conductor means connected to the supply conduit means and the distribution conduit means connected to the distribution conduit means with exhaust means, the distribution conduit means being arranged substantially parallel to the wax.
    Due to the fact that the distribution line means is arranged between the rails, the area on the outside of these need not be used for the air distribution. This avoids interfering with other types of equipment that are often located there. Furthermore, there is a need for service personnel to be able to move without obstacles outside the rails, which is why the placement inside the rails reduces the risk of accidents. According to a further preferred embodiment, the distribution line means comprises a plurality of distribution lines, each provided with at least one blow-out opening.
    Thanks to the fact that the distribution line means comprises a plurality of distribution lines, it is omitted to optimally distribute the air to the very places where ice formation and snow formation occur first and where it can primarily cause operational disturbance. Because the air blowing can thus be concentrated to the most probable stables, it is avoided to blow clean areas where snow and ice do not constitute an obstacle. An energy-saving efficiency is achieved damned. In most cases, it is most convenient to have only one exhaust opening than each distribution line. In some cases, however, it may be appropriate for a distribution line to have a plurality of exhaust openings.
    According to a further preferred embodiment, each blow-out opening is arranged to be directed towards a respective selected stable, the stable comprising sliding plates, support buttons and the space between the tongue and the support beam.
    The directed blowout means that the air blowout can be concentrated on the very stables that are critical, so that unnecessary waste of air blowout towards the less likely stalls is avoided. This means that the device becomes very energy efficient. It is especially at the stables defined above that de-icing is important and useful.
    According to a further preferred embodiment, the distribution lines comprise distribution lines which form an angle of 45-90 degrees with the distribution line means.
    Normally, it is more efficient for the distribution lines in this way to run mainly in the transverse direction in order to minimize the total length of line and rationally distribute the air to the intended stables. The most appropriate is that they are in principle transverse, i.e. forms an angle in the range of 80 - 90 degrees.
    According to a further preferred embodiment, the distribution lines comprise distribution lines which extend out opposite sides of the distribution line means.
    This is an easy way to distribute the air to the rails on different sides, when required. In most cases, however, when only one side of the gear needs to be treated, it is sufficient to have distribution lines only on that side.
    According to a further preferred embodiment, the distribution line means has a width which is 1.5 - 10 times as large as its height.
    It is important that the wiring between the rails is at a level that is reassuringly below the top of the rails so as not to interfere with the underside of the roofs or to constitute obstacles to different types of service tools that need to take up space between the rails. A free distance of about 80 mm up to the top of the rails is required. At the same time, it is convenient that the distribution line means can be placed resting on the sills to avoid cumbersome construction measures. This means that the available height of the distribution line member is rather limited because the upper side of the rails is approximately 170 mm above the top of the sleepers. Lampwise, each distribution line in the distribution line means is formed rectangularly laden in cross-section.
    According to a further preferred embodiment, the distribution line means consists of a single distribution line.
    It minimizes the total wiring requirement. Admittedly, this entails somewhat longer distribution lines. However, this is to a relatively small extent as distribution lines of other shells must be placed at least 500 mm from the nearest ral. In this embodiment with a single distribution channel, this is suitably placed in the middle between the rails.
    According to a further preferred embodiment, the distribution line has a single longitudinal channel for the air distribution.
    In most cases it is only towards one side of the gear that the air needs to be blown and then it is most convenient that the air is distributed in this way through a simple duct. In these cases, the distribution line can advantageously be placed somewhat closer to the side against which air is to be blown out.
    According to a further preferred embodiment, since the distribution line means consists of a single distribution line, this is provided with an inner longitudinal vertical cradle dividing the distribution line into two parallel channels. 6 This divides the distribution line into two parallel line sections, which provides a more harmonious and controlled flow. By e.g. with a throttle rod of the inlet to one part of the distribution line, the exhaust can be directed in a simple controllable manner towards only one side of the gear, which is an advantage as the need for de-icing, which is sometimes the case, is different on 6mse sides.
    According to another preferred embodiment, the distribution line has a substantially rectangular shape.
    This optimizes the utilization of the limited space available to achieve the required throughput area.
    According to a further preferred embodiment, the supply line means and / or the distribution line means comprise outer walls with layers of insulating material on the inside.
    This reduces the degree of cooling of the air flowing from the air treatment device to the distribution lines. This is particularly advantageous in connection with this invention where the drying has made a high tin temperature of the exhaust air possible without the negative consequences initially described.
    According to a further preferred embodiment, the distribution line means comprises air heating elements.
    This further helps to maintain a high temperature of the exhaust air, which of the same shell as mentioned just above is particularly advantageous in this invention. The extra heat supply relatively close to the exhaust stalls improves the de-icing considerably. The fact that the air is dried contributes to the possibility of raising the temperature of the air that is released. The heating elements are suitably electric. The heating elements may be arranged along the entire distribution line means or only along parts thereof.
    According to a further preferred embodiment, each heating element consists of a cladding arranged on the inside of each conduit wall.
    This results in an evenly distributed supply of heat.
    According to a further preferred embodiment, each distribution line of the distribution line means is composed of longitudinal 7 modules, which modules are arranged to be easily interconnected and disconnected from each other in place.
    The modular structure entails legal construction costs and great flexibility. Different gears can lead to different needs for the length of the wiring, depending on the type of gear and climate. The modular structure means that the same components can be used in these different contexts, which provides rational handling. It will also be easy to make modifications on site and extend or shorten the distribution line.
    According to a further preferred embodiment, the distribution line means comprises at least one distribution line, the part of which is closest to its exhaust opening extending in a different direction from the rest of the connecting line.
    Some stables that are to be blown clean can be so localized and oriented that a blow-out opening in the transverse direction does not become breathable. By thus angling the distribution channel in the vicinity of the exhaust opening, it is facilitated to be able to use these stalls in an efficient manner. In these cases, it is often a blowout direction in the longitudinal direction that comes into play. By directing certain exhaust openings in this way, the air can be blown out between the tongue and the steel so that an elongated turbulent channel is formed between them, which very effectively lifts the ice away and evaporates away water, ice and snow.
    According to a further preferred embodiment, the conduit means houses components intended for other types of service functions than air blowing.
    Thus, the wiring can also fulfill other purposes, and eliminate the need for special installations for these. This may, for example, involve pulling electrical cables or signal wires through the wires for the air.
    The raised breath needle is according to the second aspect of the invention in that a method of the kind initially stated comprises the special procedure set out in the characterizing part of claim 19. The air to be blown out is thus dried.
    The device according to the invention can be controlled, monitored and monitored manually or automatically. In automatic control, etc., sensors can sense various parameters that affect the need for purge and deliver the required control and information signals. The sensors can e.g. relate to temperature, humidity and / or position. Control can take place of different functions of the device individually or coordinated and refer to e.g. the heating pressure setting and / or dehumidification intensity of the air handling unit, the flow pattern in the conduit means by maneuvering valves, dampers, throttles, etc. Also other functions such as the heating in the distribution duct means can be regulated in a corresponding manner. The control can of course also include simple ON / OFF control of each operating parameter. Manual control can be performed at the plant itself, e.g. in a service house accommodating the air handling unit or also be remotely operated, possibly wireless. Manual control does not presuppose the presence of sensors, but there is of course an advantage with such even then. During remote maneuvering, the sensing value of the sensors is suitably transmitted wirelessly to the maneuvering stable.
    According to preferred embodiments of the invented method, it is practiced with the aid of the invented device, especially in accordance with any of the preferred embodiments thereof.
    The invented method entails advantages of the same kind as in the invented device and the preferred embodiments of the latter, and as described above.
    The above-mentioned advantageous embodiments of the invention are set out in the dependent claims. It will be understood that further preferred embodiments may be constituted by any possible combination of the above preferred embodiments and by any possible combination of these with features mentioned in the following description of exemplary embodiments.
    The invention is further explained by the following detailed description of examples thereof and with reference to the accompanying figures.
    Brief description of the figures Fig. 1 is a schematic overview view of a railway axle provided with a de-icing device according to the invention. Fig. 2 schematically shows the air treatment means and its connection to the conduit means at the device according to Fig. 1 Fig. 3 is a section along line 111-11I in Fig. 1 Fig. 4 is a section along the line 1V-IV in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a nodular construction distribution line according to the invention. Fig. 6 is a view Than above of a detail of a de-icing device according to the invention.
    Fig. 7 is a view Than above of an alternative embodiment of a detail of a device according to the invention.
    Fig. 8 is a section along the line VIII-VIII in Fig. 7.
    Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a detail of a device according to the invention. Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a further detail of a device according to the invention.
    Fig. 11 illustrates in a view from above a railway shaft provided with a device according to the invention.
    Fig. 12 is an enlarged view of a portion of Fig. 11.
    Description of exemplary embodiment Fig. 1 schematically shows a railway shaft with a de-icing device according to the invention. The rails of the main pair are designated 1a, 1b, the gear pair tiers 2a, 2b and the gear tongues 3a, 3b.
    Next to the gear unit is arranged a service housing 40 housing an air treatment device 4. This blows out hot, dehumidified air through a supply line 5 to a distribution line 6 located between the tier 1a, 1b of the main pair. The distribution line 6 extends along substantially the entire length of the gear unit and communicates with a plurality of distribution pipes 7, 8, which extend Than the distribution line 6 out to the stables at the gear unit where the hot air is to be blown.
    In the service housing there are, as shown in Fig. 2, air treatment devices 42, 45 for the air to be blown out towards the gear unit. The air treatment devices comprise a dehumidifier 42 and a float 45. The dehumidifier 42 has an inlet 41 communicating with the surroundings. Through an outlet 43 from the dehumidifier 42, dried air is led into the service housing 40. The flat 45 has an inlet 46 in the service housing 40 through which dried air is sucked into the flat where it is pressurized and biased out through its outlet 47.
    During the passage through the flake 45, the air will in some cases be heated by the frictional heat generated in it. This heating can be supplemented by additional supply of heat to the air. This is symbolized in the figure by an electric warning 49 arranged in the flue outlet 47. The warning can of course take place in another way and be arranged elsewhere in the air path of the air.
    In the service house there is also a control device 48 for control, monitoring and monitoring of the de-icing device. The control device 48 is arranged to be able to control the drying intensity of the dehumidifier 42, and pressure and flow from the float 45. The control device can also contain means for controlling other functions of the de-icing device out in the pipe system. The control function is represented by the arrows emanating from the control unit 48. The controller 48 also receives signals represented by the arrows pointing at the controller. These indicate the status of various parameters related to the gear unit and the de-icing device.
    Through the control device 48 a fully automatic control of the de-icing device can be carried out. The control device may suitably be provided with transmitters and receivers for wireless transmission of information to and control signals from a monitoring center. From the control panel, manual control can interfere with or replace the automatic control.
    The hot and dried air Than the flat outlet 47 is led into the supply line 5. This is provided with an insulating layer enclosed by a protective cover and is coated on the embankment between the sleepers 9 so that it passes under the rail 1a. The supply line 5 is connected to the underside of the distribution line 6 for passing the air to it.
    Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the distribution line 6 at the bottom line for its connection to the supply line 5. The distribution line 6 is divided into two parallel channels 63a, 63b separated by a vertical partition wall 66 where each channel supplies each side of the spar with air. The distribution line has an outer casing 61 of protective material e.g. flat or plastic. Inside this there is a layer 62 of insulating material, which also forms the intermediate wall 66.
    Fig. 3 also illustrates an optional possibility to use the piping system for other functions than distribution of air for de-icing. In the channel 63a, electrical cables 68 for electrical energy distribution and / or signals for control and information feeding are thus arranged. The power lines can be intended for functions related to de-icing, but also for completely different functions for the maneuvering and monitoring of the gear unit. Other types of service lines can also be incorporated into the line system in this way. An electric heating mat 64a, 64b for supplying heat is arranged on the inside of each channel 63a, 63b. The figure shows the heating mats enclosing the entire respective duct in a circumferential direction, but they can alternatively be arranged only on one or some sides of the duct. The heating mats 64a, 64b may extend along the entire length of the distribution line, along a part thereof or along some sections thereof.
    At the connection of the supply line to the distribution line, there is a damper 65a, 65b at the inlet to the respective channel 63a, 63b. By means of the slats 65a, 65b, air supply to one or the other duct can be shut off ay. The figure shows the damper 65a in the tip conduit so that air flows into the duct 63a, and the damper 65b in a rod low blocking air inflow to the duct 63b. In a more sophisticated embodiment, the slat can be designed to occupy the intermediate layer between the completely rod and the entire tip for regulating the amount of air to the respective channel 63a, 63b.
    The slats 65a, 65b as well as the supply of heat to the heating mats 64a, 64b are regulated by the control device 48 in the service housing 40.
    The distribution line 6 has a rectangular cross-section, down the long side in the horizontal direction. It rests on the sleepers and has a height that means that its upper side is slightly below the upper side of the rails, about 90 mm. The outer mat of the distribution line is, for example, 80x300 mm.
    As shown in Fig. 1, the air is led to the distribution line 6 to a plurality of distribution lines 7, 8 on each side of the distribution line. Fig. 4 is a cross-section through the distribution line 6 and the distribution lines 7, 8 at a connection stall for such. Distribution line 7 extends from the channel 63a to a stable adjacent to the rail 1a and Man channel 63b extends distribution line 8 to a stable adjacent to the other rail 1b. Each distribution line 7, 8 has an outlet opening 71, 81 adjacent to it and directed towards the stable to be announced so that a focusing of the air stream there is achieved. The outlet openings 71, 81 are suitably designed as nozzles.
    The stables that are important to keep clean from snow and ice are on tongues and rudders, the space between tongue and rudder, on the sliding plates at the gear tongues, between the pushbutton and tongue, around the drawbar and control rods for gear rotation, around tongue control contacts, around the tongues between the tongues, at intersections and motorways as well as along the rails at a length of about ten meters from the tip of the tongue. The distribution lines 7, 8 should thus have their respective exhaust openings 12 71, 81 directed towards the raised stables. The distribution line 6 of the de-icing device thus has a length of approx. 15 m. The distribution lines 7, 8 are connected on each side with a c / c distance of approx. 30 cm. The number of distribution lines is about 50 on each side.
    Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a part of the distribution channel 6 and illustrates how it can be composed of a plurality of modules 60a, 60b, 60c connected by easily interconnecting and detachable snap fasteners 67a, 67b, 67c. The modules can be the same length and identical or be of different lengths and designs. For example, some of the modules may be provided with a heating mat of the type described above.
    Fig. 6 illustrates a distribution line 7a connected to the distribution line 6 and where the outer part 72a of the distribution line 7a is angled so that it extends in the land direction with a blow-out opening 71a directed in the longitudinal direction. It blows out air in the space between the baffle 1a and the tongue 3a so that the air flows in the duct space formed between them.
    Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate an example where there is only one distribution line 106 with only one channel 163. The distribution line 106 is provided with distribution lines 107 only on one side for blowing air only towards the side of the gear located at the rail 101a. The distribution line 106 is also in this example provided with an insulating layer 162 and can first be provided with a heating mat as illustrated in the first example.
    The distribution line 106 is located slightly closer to the rale 101a, against which air is to be blown, than the other rale 101b. Even in this example, it can be understood to be located along the center line.
    The example illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8 is particularly suitable when it is necessary to blow heating air towards only one side of the gear, which is the most common.
    Fig. 9 illustrates blow-out of air against slide plates 10. The distribution lines 107 connected to the distribution line 106 blow the air out towards the slide plates 10 through a respective blow-out opening 171. Each blow-out opening 171 is arranged on an outer part 172 of the distribution line 107, which outer part extends in the longitudinal part. and is designed as a nun piece. Fig. 10 illustrates in a similar manner how the air from the exhaust openings 171 is directed towards support buttons 11.
    Figs. 11 and 12 show in an overview an example of how the device can be installed at a gear unit. The air from the service housing 40 is led via its outlet line 47 and lines 51 to a respective supply line 5 which is connected to a respective distribution line 6 for further distribution as described in more detail above. 14
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
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    [2]
    2.,
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    引用文献:
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    US3233097A|1964-03-05|1966-02-01|Watkins Ray|Railroad switch heaters and process of operation thereof|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1350235A|SE537766C2|2013-02-28|2013-02-28|De-icing device for railway gear and de-icing procedure|SE1350235A| SE537766C2|2013-02-28|2013-02-28|De-icing device for railway gear and de-icing procedure|
    PCT/SE2014/050223| WO2014133438A1|2013-02-28|2014-02-24|De-icing device for railroad switches and methods for de-icing|
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